Grand Duke Peter Leopold installed a chemical laboratory in the Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale of Florence, in which he personally performed experiments as a hobby, often assisted by Giovanni Fabbroni. The equipment is housed in a large cabinet with walnut inlays. The cabinet opens up to form a slate working surface with three cavities, one of which is internally connected to a pedal-operated bellows for combustion and calcination operations. There are small shelves, drawers, and compartments for storing bottles of chemical preparations and assorted glassware. Also exhibited are objects from the Granducal period.

The following items belonged to Peter Leopold's chemistry cabinet:

- thirteen small flat-based cylindrical glass jars with lids with ball knobs, containing various substances;

- ten small square-shaped glass jars, some with boxwood lids;

- a black varnished wooden inkstand;

- a silvered brass two-branched candlestick, whose arms are decorated with a tendril motif;

- two ivory mortars with pestles;

- a gilt bronze mortar with pestles;

- an agate mortar with egg-shaped pestle;

- brass tongs for holding tubes, partly covered in leather, with two threaded boxwood handles;

- a small white porcelain basin with a hole at the center and a porcelain stopper;

- a glass funnel, with a small handle;

- a wooden funnel for pouring mercury;

- a fireclay funnel without handle;

- a porphyry slab on a wooden base;

- a small dismountable brass casting furnace, internally lined with refractory material;

- a white glass smooth-necked matrass with a round body, for preparing solutions of salts in water;

- two glass jugs; two small garnet-red crystal bowls with lids;

- four small hard-stone bowls;

- a glass chalice decorated with scenes;

- a small crystal basin with arabesque motifs;

- a boxwood clamp with pressure screw;

- a flat-bottomed, long-necked wax bottle.