An English politician closely linked to Olivier Cromwell (1599-1658), who tasked him with important diplomatic missions, Morland was also a mathematician and inventor. In 1671, retired from public life to devote himself to mathematical studies and the design of innovative machines, notably in the field of hydrostatics. In 1674, patented a high-power pump with which, a year later, he raised the waters of the Thames to a height of over 18 meters (60 feet). Appointed "Master of Mechanics" to King Charles II (1630-1685) in 1681. Morland was also an accomplished maker of mathematical instruments; in particular, he built a mechanical perpetual calendar and a calculating machine.