The itinerary starts with two planetariums illustrating ancient concepts of cosmology. Galileo openly rejected these concepts, especially after his sensational astronomical discoveries.

On a touch screen visitors can see the sky as it appeared to Galileo through the lenses of his telescope. Another touch screen allows visitors to combine the lenses in different ways and shows the chief characteristics and advantages of the solutions devised, after Galileo, by the ingenious scientists and instrument-makers who further perfected the telescope.

The other mechanical models in this room illustrate some of the experiments conducted by Galileo to discover the basic laws of motion: the path followed by bodies descending along an inclined plane and along a curve, and the parabolic trajectory of projectiles.