These rooms contain instruments and machines designed to illustrate the basic principles of mechanics, hydraulics, electrostatics and optics to a vast public. In the 18th century, the cultural vogue that stimulated curiosity for spectacular experimental demonstrations also led to a demand for new educational instruments. The models for studying mechanics displayed in the first room faithfully reflect those described in the treatises of the most famous eighteenth-century scientists and demonstrators. They remained in use, with few modifications, up to the first decades of the 20th century. In the second room are displayed educational instrumentation for optics, hydraulics and pneumatics, electromagnetism and electrodynamics. The industrial production of educational instruments, with centres of excellence in London and Paris, remained limited in Italy, so that numerous collections were formed mainly of instruments purchased abroad.