The portolans of Bartolomeu Velho († 1586) and Lopo Homem (16th century) are part of the cartographic material, mainly Portuguese, that Cosimo I de' Medici (1519-1574) collected to support his transoceanic expansionist ambitions. In 1592 Ferdinando I founded in Livorno a cartographic workshop at the service of the Knights of St. Stephen. This workshop produced nautical atlases signed by Giovanni Oliva (16th-17th century) and Giovanni Battista Cavallini (17th century).